Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are painful ulcers that develop inside the mouth. They are common and can affect people of all ages, but many are curious about what causes them and what triggers their appearance.

What Are Canker Sores?

Canker sores are small, shallow lesions that form on the soft tissues inside the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, and roof of the mouth. Unlike cold sores, they do not appear on the lips and are not contagious. While they usually heal on their own within one to two weeks, they can cause significant discomfort.

Common Causes of Canker Sores

  • Minor Mouth Injuries: Biting the inside of your cheek or accidentally injuring your mouth with sharp foods can trigger sores.
  • Stress and Fatigue: Emotional stress and exhaustion are linked to the development of canker sores.
  • Food Sensitivities: Spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods can irritate the mouth lining and cause sores.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins such as B12, iron, and folate may increase susceptibility.
  • Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations during menstruation can lead to outbreaks.
  • Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like celiac disease or Crohn's disease can be associated with frequent sores.

Triggers That May Worsen the Condition

  • Stress: High stress levels can weaken the immune system, making sores more likely.
  • Poor Oral Hygiene: Bacteria buildup can irritate the mouth lining.
  • Smoking and Tobacco Use: These habits can impair healing and irritate tissues.
  • Certain Medications: Some drugs, especially those causing dry mouth, may contribute to sores.
  • Allergic Reactions: Allergies to certain foods or dental products can trigger sores.

Preventive Tips and When to See a Dentist

Maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding irritating foods, managing stress, and ensuring proper nutrition can help reduce the frequency of canker sores. If sores persist longer than two weeks, worsen, or are accompanied by other symptoms such as fever or difficulty swallowing, it is important to consult a healthcare professional or dentist for proper diagnosis and treatment.