Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are painful mouth sores that commonly affect children and teenagers. Understanding what causes these sores can help in managing and preventing them.

What Are Canker Sores?

Canker sores are small, shallow ulcers that develop on the soft tissues inside the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, and roof of the mouth. They usually appear as round or oval sores with a white or yellow center and a red border. While they are not contagious, they can cause significant discomfort, especially when eating or speaking.

Common Causes of Canker Sores in Children and Teens

  • Stress and Emotional Factors: High stress levels can trigger outbreaks in young people.
  • Injury to the Mouth: Biting the inside of the cheek or lip, or irritation from braces and dental appliances.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins such as B12, iron, and folic acid can contribute.
  • Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations during puberty may increase susceptibility.
  • Food Sensitivities: Spicy, acidic, or rough-textured foods can irritate the mouth lining.
  • Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like celiac disease or immune system disorders.

Prevention and Management

To reduce the risk of developing canker sores, children and teens should maintain good oral hygiene, avoid known irritants, and manage stress effectively. Eating a balanced diet rich in essential vitamins can also help.

For painful sores, over-the-counter topical treatments, mouth rinses, and avoiding spicy or acidic foods can provide relief. If sores persist for more than two weeks or are extremely painful, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended.